Which IAM policy is applied directly to a user to control the user's permissions?

The selection of identity-based policy is accurate because these policies are specifically associated with individual users, groups, or roles. They are used to define permissions that dictate what actions a user is allowed to perform on specific resources within a cloud environment. When applied directly to a user, an identity-based policy effectively governs their access rights and capabilities, ensuring that they can only perform tasks within the scope of the permissions granted to them.

Resource-based policies, in contrast, are attached directly to resources rather than users. These policies control access to the resource itself and determine who can access it and what actions they can perform.

Password policies relate to the authentication aspect of user management. They establish rules regarding password complexity, expiration, and recovery, but do not directly control what a user can do once authenticated.

Session policies are temporary permissions that can limit user actions during a specific session but are not the primary means of granting permissions directly to an individual user for long-term access control.

Overall, identity-based policies are integral to managing user permissions effectively and securely in a cloud environment.